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'Unani' means medicines which are a symbol of life. The
name is derived from the word 'Ionian' which originated in Greece. 'Tibb'
means the knowledge of the states of the human body in health and decline
of health, or in other words, medicine. 'Tibb-E-Unani', is hence an age
old, time tested system of medicine dating back 5000 years to Greece. There are eight specialized branches of Unani medicine
- Historical background of Surgery in Unani Medicine : - For historical reasons, the practice of surgery was strongly discouraged in the medieval period. But in ancient times Unani surgeons did perform intricate brain surgery, laparotomy and plastic surgery. Inspite of the apathy generated by colonial rule, the faith of the people in their culture and traditional medicine kept the remaining branches of Unani alive. It is because of this mass base and utility that after Independence, the Government of India took several steps to further this health science. Hippocratic Theory of Medicine : - The first fundamental theory of the Unani system established by Greek philosopher Hippocrates is founded in the belief that the body of the individual is composed of four basic elements, which together, are called 'Anasir-e-Arba' (Hava, Pani, Mitti, Dhup). In different permutations and combinations, these four elements or biological fluids constitute 'Humours' (Akhlat i.e. blood or (Dam), phlegm (Kafa), bile (Safra) and black bile (Souda). Thus, the basic principles of Unani is that of the four humours represented in the human blood. As long as these humours exist in normal balance, normal quantities and in the normal region of the body, the humour system will work in the normal way. Any imbalances to the humour constitutions or changes in their quantity and quality result in diseases. Later, several other scholars improved and expanded the scope of the Unani system. According to the Unani discipline as it stands today, the human body is composed of 7 natural and basic components called 'Umoor e Tabaiyah' which are responsible for maintenance of health. These are : - · Arkan (Elements) The loss of any one of these basic components or alteration
in their physical state could lead to disease, or even death. It is highly
essential to consider all these factors so as to reach the correct diagnosis
and consequently the correct line of treatment. The UNANI System of addressing whole health considers illness as an event serving to cleans, purify, and balance us on the physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual planes. Allah (The one God of All) says in the Quran "There may be a thing decreed for you that you do not like that is good for you; and things that you like that are not good for you." Imam al-Ghazzali (r.a.) expressed this idea as follows: "Illness is one of the forms of experience by which humans arrive at a knowledge of God; as He says, 'Illnesses are my servants which I attached to My chosen friends.'" Just because something feels "good" does not necessarily mean it is of ultimate benefit to us. And conversely, if we have a moment of pain, we cannot dismiss this experience as "bad" without understanding how and what the result of these sensations will be. A "Healing Crisis" is the natural function of the body eliminating toxins: Vomiting, Nosebleeds, Diarrhea, Fevers, Sweating, and Frequent Urination these are avenues to full health. While admitting the existence of microbes, the UNANI Tibb system maintains that it is the original imbalance of temperament that provides an altered biotic environment in which the viruses and bacteria can thrive. Treatments of killing off microbes can provide a temporary "cure", but without restoring the humor to its proper balance, the disease will recur. So, the UNANI Tibb System is one of seeking balance between the Humors of the body and the temperament, mainly through proper metabolism of the bodies nourishment.
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